Surgery For Pilonidal Cyst – Types, Procedure, Recovery, and Aftercare

A pilonidal cyst is a common condition that affects the skin at the base of the tailbone. It occurs when hair and debris become trapped in the skin, leading to an infection and the formation of a painful cyst. While some pilonidal cysts can be treated with antibiotics and other non-invasive measures, more severe cases may require surgery to remove the cyst and prevent it from returning.

Surgery for pilonidal cysts is a safe and effective treatment. In this blog post, we’ll discuss the different types of pilonidal cysts, the surgical Procedure for treating them, recovery time, and aftercare.

What is a Pilonidal Cyst?

A pilonidal cyst is a sac that forms under the skin at the base of the tailbone (coccyx). It is often filled with pus or hair. Pilonidal means “nest of hairs. “The cyst can become infected and fill with pus. This is called an abscess. An abscess can be very painful. The infection may spread to other areas. Pilonidal cysts are most common in young adults, especially men. They are also common in people who sit for long periods, such as truck drivers. Pilonidal cysts usually occur only once. But some people get them over and over again.

Most pilonidal cysts are found near the tailbone at the top of the buttocks. But they can occur anywhere on the body where there is a pocket of skin and hair, such as:

• between the buttocks
• under the arm
• on the scalp
• on the face

Also Read: Why does my tailbone hurt?

What are the types of Pilonidal Cysts?

They can be classified into two main types – acquired and congenital. Understanding these types can aid in proper diagnosis and treatment.

1. Acquired Pilonidal Cysts:

• Develop later in life.
• Often caused by the entrance of hair, skin debris, or sweat into a skin opening.
• More commonly found in the upper cleft of the buttocks.
• It can be associated with a sedentary lifestyle, poor hygiene, or frequent pressure on the affected area.

2. Congenital Pilonidal Cysts:

• Present at birth.
• A rare type of pilonidal cyst.
• Develops due to a malformation of the tailbone.
• Symptoms may not appear until later in life.

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Step by step guide to Surgery for Pilonidal Cyst –

Surgery may sometimes be necessary to remove the cyst and provide relief. Understanding the different types of surgery can help in making informed decisions.

1. Incision and Drainage –

Incision and drainage are common surgical procedures for Pilonidal cysts. This Procedure involves draining the fluid and removing any debris from the cyst. The goal of incision and drainage is to reduce pain and prevent the cyst from becoming infected.

Procedure:

• The Procedure is performed under local anesthesia.
• The surgeon makes a small incision in the cyst to drain the fluid.
• The surgeon removes any debris from the cyst.
• The incision is closed with sutures or sterile strips.
• A dressing is applied to the surgical site.

2. Excision –

Excision surgery is a common procedure for pilonidal cysts. This Procedure involves removing the cyst and any surrounding tissue. The goal of excision surgery is to prevent the cyst from recurring.

Procedure:

• The Procedure is performed under general anesthesia.
• The surgeon makes an incision to remove the cyst and surrounding tissue.
• The wound is closed with sutures or sterile strips.
• A dressing is applied to the surgical site.

3. Closure Techniques

Closure technique surgery is a procedure used to treat pilonidal cysts. This Procedure involves closing the cyst and surrounding tissue to prevent the cyst from recurring. Several closure techniques, including sutures, sterile strips, and skin grafts, can be used.

Procedure:

• The Procedure is performed under general anesthesia.
• The surgeon makes an incision to access the cyst.
• The cyst and surrounding tissue are cleaned and closed using sutures, sterile strips, or a skin graft.
• A dressing is applied to the surgical site.

Surgery may be necessary to remove pilonidal cysts and relieve symptoms. Understanding the different types of surgery, including incision and drainage, excision, and closure techniques, can help make informed decisions. Consult a surgeon for the best surgical option based on individual needs and circumstances.

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Recovery after surgery –

Understanding the recovery process can help prepare for the Procedure and manage symptoms during the recovery period.

1. Initial Recovery –

Pain, swelling, and redness at the surgical site are common. Bed rest is recommended for a few days to reduce pressure on the wound. Pain medication may be prescribed to manage discomfort.

Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection.

2. Wound Care –

Keep the surgical wound clean and dry. Avoid soaking the wound in water for the first few days. Wear loose, comfortable clothing to avoid irritating the wound. Change the dressing regularly and as directed by the surgeon.

3. Returning to Normal Activities –

The length of full recovery can vary depending on the type of surgery and individual factors. Light physical activity and normal daily routines can be resumed after a few rest days. Avoid strenuous physical activity for several weeks to allow the wound to heal. Gradually return to normal activities as directed by the surgeon.

Understanding the recovery process, including initial recovery, wound care, and returning to normal activities, can help prepare for the Procedure and manage symptoms during the recovery period. Consult a surgeon for individualized post-operative instructions and to address any questions or concerns.

Possible complications after surgery –

1. Infection –

The surgical wound can become infected after the Procedure.

Symptoms include redness, swelling, and discharge.

Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to prevent the spread of infection.

2. Recurrence –

Pilonidal cysts can recur after surgery.

Proper wound care and avoiding pressure on the surgical site can reduce the risk of recurrence.

In some cases, revision surgery may be necessary.

3. Wound Healing Issues

Delayed wound healing, wound dehiscence, or scarring can occur.

Proper wound care, avoiding pressure on the surgical site, and following post-operative instructions can promote proper healing.

In some cases, revision surgery may be necessary.

4. Pain

Pain at the surgical site can occur after the Procedure.

Pain medication may be prescribed to manage discomfort.

Physical therapy or other treatments are sometimes necessary to manage pain.

5. Anesthesia Complications

As with any procedure requiring anesthesia, there is a risk of complications.

Discuss the potential risks and benefits of the chosen anesthesia with the anesthesiologist.

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Aftercare required Pilonidal Cyst Surgery –

Surgery for pilonidal cyst Proper aftercare can promote healing and reduce the risk of complications. Understanding the aftercare instructions and following them carefully can ensure a smooth recovery.

1. Wound Care

• Keep the surgical wound clean and dry.
• Change the dressings regularly and as instructed.
• Avoid pressure on the surgical site and sit for prolonged periods.
• Keep the surgical area elevated to reduce swelling.

2. Medications

• Take pain medication as prescribed to manage discomfort.
• Take antibiotics as prescribed to prevent infection.
• Follow the instructions for any other medications prescribed.

3. Physical Activity

• Avoid strenuous activities for the first few weeks after surgery.
• Gradually resume normal activities as directed by the surgeon.
• Avoid pressure on the surgical site and sit for prolonged periods.

4. Follow-Up Appointments

• Attend follow-up appointments as scheduled.
• Keep the surgeon informed of any changes or concerns.

5. Signs of Complications

Report any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge, to the surgeon promptly. Report any other concerning symptoms to the surgeon.

FAQs –

Also Read: 8 Exercises & Stretches for Tailbone Pain Relief Quickly

Conclusion –

Surgery for pilonidal cysts can be an effective treatment option for those who suffer from chronic or severe cysts. Several types of surgical procedures are available, including traditional excision, flap procedures, and minimally invasive techniques, such as laser and endoscopic procedures.

While surgery can relieve the pain and discomfort caused by pilonidal cysts, it is important to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of each Procedure and discuss your options with a qualified healthcare provider. Recovery time can vary depending on the type of surgery performed, but most patients can expect to return to normal activities within a few weeks.

 The most important thing to remember is to follow your surgeon’s instructions carefully during your recovery period to ensure proper healing. Contact your surgeon if you have any concerns or problems during your recovery.