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If you have been recommended by your doctor to undergo kidney dialysis, you must practice the following steps before the procedure:

Diet Restrictions: 

• Haemodialysis: In the case of Haemodialysis, the number of fluids the patient can drink will be severely restricted. This is because the machine won't be able to remove the 2 to 3 days worth of excess fluids from blood in 4 hours. If not adhered to, this may lead to serious complications like building up of fluids in blood, tissues, and lungs. A patient needs to be careful about what he/she eats because too much of minerals like potassium, sodium, and phosphorus as these can build up to dangerous levels in between treatment sessions. 

• Peritoneal dialysis: In the case of peritoneal dialysis, fewer restrictions on diet and fluid intake are imposed as compared to haemodialysis because the treatment is carried out more often. But sometimes, it may be advised to limit how much fluid the patient can drink, and he/she may need to make some changes to dietary habits. A dietitian may discuss the details with the patient.

Medical Information: The patient must inform the doctor about the medications they take to safeguard themselves from any adverse complications.

Allergies: If the patient is allergic to any specific medicine, he/she should inform the medical experts. 

Past experience: If the patient has faced some difficulties regarding kidney dialysis in the past, they should mention it to the doctor. This is important to avoid further complications.

Pregnancy: Women of childbearing age on dialysis cannot get pregnant because having kidney disease can decrease the ability to produce healthy eggs that can be fertilized It is better for the patient to consult with the doctor before she decides to try for a baby.

The procedure may vary depending on the type of dialysis the patient is undergoing:

1. Haemodialysis: 

   1. Before hemodialysis can start, usually the patient needs to have a special blood vessel called an arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) created in his/her arm. AV fistula is created by connecting an artery to a vein. AV fistula is larger and stronger than normal blood vessels. This is done to make it easier to transfer blood into the dialysis machine and back.

   2. The procedure to create the AV fistula is usually carried out for around 4 to 8 weeks before hemodialysis can begin. This time allows the tissue surrounding the fistula to heal.

   3.  An alternative procedure known as an AV graft may be recommended if your blood vessels are too narrow to create an AV fistula. To connect the artery to the vein, a piece of synthetic tubing might be used.

   4. A neckline may be given, as a short term measure or in a state of emergency. The neckline is where a small tube is inserted into a vein in your neck.

   5. Two thin needles are inserted into your AV fistula or graft and taped into one place. One needle will, in the process, slowly remove the blood and transmit it to a machine called a dialyzer.

   6. The membranes in the dialyzer filter your blood which is then pumped back into your body.

       2. Peritoneal dialysis:

1. 1. Before the procedure of Peritoneal Dialysis can be performed an opening in your abdomen needs to be made. This is done for the dialysis fluid to be pumped into the space inside your abdomen

   2. An incision is made just below the navel. A catheter, which is a small tube, is inserted into the incision and the opening will be left to heal on its own for a few weeks before treatment starts. The catheter is permanently attached to the abdomen and some people might find it uncomfortable.

   3. A bag containing the dialysis fluid is attached to the catheter in your abdomen part. This will allow the fluid to flow into the peritoneal cavity in your abdomen

   4. The waste products and excess fluids in the blood passing through the lining of the peritoneal cavity in your abdomen are drawn out of the blood and into the dialysis fluid.

   5. The fluid in the bag after some time gets saturated from waste and excess fluids. The bag needs to be changed after such an event. New fluid from a fresh bag is now passed into the cavity in your abdomen. This is a painless process and generally takes around 30-40 minutes to complete. This process might be repeated for 4 times a day by the patient...

2. For more detailed information about Dialysis procedures and Dialysis cost in Kolkata, contact one of the most sought after Credihealth Medical Experts at 8010-994-994.

1. Treatment Schedule: As dialysis is regular treatment, its frequency depends upon the amount of metabolic waste that builds up in the body. As your condition improves or worsens, the doctor may make changes to your schedule. 

2. Dietary modifications: Eating the right food is necessary for the improvement in the patient's condition. The diet must have limited amounts of sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. The diet must be per your BMI and health conditions. The patient must talk to a dietician who will help you with a tailor-made diet plan. 

3. Medications: The patient must regularly take the medications prescribed to maintain health in the best condition. Patient's doctor may prescribe you with vitamins like folic acid and iron supplements to aid your body in red blood cell production. 

Special care for the Atrio-Venous fistula or graft. Consult the doctor for special care instructions for the AV fistula or graft. Steps should be taken to prevent the clogging of the graft. Patients must avoid sleeping on the arm which has the fistula as well as avoid wearing any jewelry in that area. Avoid tight clothes and taking blood pressure on the arm with the graft or fistula.

While dialysis is a life-saving process, it comes with a set of its complications. The risks also depend on the procedure adopted for dialysis:

1. Haemodialysis related risks:

   1. A decrease in blood pressure

   2. Bloodstream infection also called bacteremia

   3. Muscle cramps

   4. Difficulty sleeping

   5. Itching

   6. High potassium levels in the blood

   7. Pericarditis which is inflammation of the membrane around the heart

   8. Sepsis

   9. Irregular heartbeat

   10. Sudden cardiac death which is the leading cause of death in people undergoing dialysis

2. Peritoneal Dialysis-related risks:

   1. Peritonitis: increased risk of infection around the incision in the abdomen

   2. The weakening of muscles in the abdomen

   3. Weight gain

   4. Hernia

   5. Fever

   6. Stomach pain

For more information on kidney dialysis cost in Kolkata, contact Credihealth Medical Experts at 8010-994-994.